Intro to PHP and MySQL

Class 2

Welcome!

Debugging your code

Not seeing anything when you run your code? You may need to turn on error logging. Put this code at the top of your page.

// Report all PHP errors
error_reporting(-1);

Let's Look Back

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Code Search

In this code, spot the comments, variables, operator, function, argument, and return value.

function calculateTip($total) {
  $tipPercent = 0.15; //Can be changed
  return ($total * $tipPercent);
}

$billTotal = 10;
$billTip   = calculateTip($billTotal);
$receipt   = 'Meal: ' . $billTotal . ' Tip: ' . $billTip .
' Total: ' . ($billTotal + $billTip);
echo $receipt;

Variable Scope

The scope of a variable is how long the computer will remember it.

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Global Scope

A variable declared outside a function has a global scope and can only be accessed outside a function.

$awesomeGroup = 'Girl Develop It'; //Global scope
function whatIsAwesome() {
  echo $awesomeGroup . ' is pretty awesome.';
}
whatIsAwesome();

Local Scope

A variable declared within a function has a local scope and can only be accessed within that function.

function whatIsAwesome() {
  $awesomeGroup = 'Girl Develop It'; //Local scope
}
echo $awesomeGroup . ' is pretty awesome.';

Boolean Variables

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Boolean Variables

Boolean variables represent the logical values True and False

$catsAreBest = true;
$dogsRule = false;

If you try to use another variable as a boolean, PHP will guess. The number 0, the empty string '', and the string '0' are considered false, everything else reads as true.

Control Flow

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The if statement

Use if to tell PHP which lines of code to execute, based on a condition.

if (condition) {
  // statements to execute
}

$bananas = 5
if ($bananas > 0) {
  echo 'You have some bananas!';
}

Comparison Operators

Watch out!

Don't mix up = and ==

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Let's Develop It

Make a variable called "temperature." Write some code that tells you to put on a coat if it is below 50 degrees.

Even more control flow

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The if/else statement

Use else to provide an alternate set of instructions.

$age = 28;
if ($age >= 16) {
  echo 'Yay, you can drive!';
} else {
  echo 'Sorry, but you have ' . (16 - $age) .
  ' years until you can drive.';
}

The if/else if/else statement

If you have multiple conditions, you can use else if.

$age = 20;
if ($age >= 35) {
  echo 'You can vote AND hold any place in government';
} else if ($age >= 30) {
  echo 'You can vote AND run for the Senate';
} else if ($age >= 18) {
  echo 'You can vote';
} else {
  echo 'You can\'t vote, but you can still
  write your representatives.';
}

Let's Develop It

Modify your "wear a coat" code for these conditions:

1. If it is less than 50 degrees, wear a coat.
2. If it is less than 30 degrees, wear a coat and a hat.
3. If it is less than 0 degrees, stay inside.
4. Otherwise, wear whatever you want.

Logical Operators

Using logical operators

You can use these operators to combine conditions.

$bananas = 5;
if ($bananas >=2 && $bananas <7) {
  echo 'You have a reasonable number of bananas';
} else {
  echo 'Check your banana supply';
}

Let's Develop It

Add a logical operator to your what to wear program.

Loops

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While loops

While will repeat the same code over and over as long as some condition is met.

$bottlesOfBeer = 99;
while ($bottlesOfBeer >= 1) {
  echo $bottlesOfBeer . ' bottles of beer on the wall <br />';
  $bottlesOfBeer = $bottlesOfBeer - 9;
}

Infinite Loops

Make sure something changes in the loop, or your loop will go on forever...

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For loops

For loops are very similar, but you declare a counter in the statement.

//will count 1 to 10
for ($i = 1; $i <= 10; $i++) {
  echo $i;
}

Loops and logic

You can add other statements or logical operators inside the loops.

//Count from 1 to 50.
for ($i = 1; $i <= 50; $i++) {
  echo $i;
  //Says 'Buzz' after multiples of three
  if ($i%3 == 0) {
    echo ' Buzz';
  }
  //Says 'Bang' after multiples of five
  if ($i%5 == 0) {
    echo ' Bang';
  }
  echo '<br />'; //line break
}

Let's Develop It

Write a loop that gives you the 9's times table,
from 9 x 1 = 9 to 9 x 12 = 108.

Finish early? Try using a loop inside a loop to write all the times tables, from 1 to 12.

Arrays

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Arrays

Arrays are lists of values associated with a key. The key needs to be an integer or a string, the value can be any type.

$kittenColors = array(
  'Fluffy' => 'tabby',
  'Midnight' => 'black',
  'Admiral Snuggles' => 'white'
);

Using arrays

Once you have an array, you use a key to call a value.

$kittenColors = array(
  'Fluffy' => 'tabby',
  'Midnight' => 'black',
  'Admiral Snuggles' => 'white'
);
echo $kittenColors['Midnight']; //prints 'black'

Expanding arrays

Arrays don't have a fixed length; you can add and take away items.

$kittenColors = array(
  'Fluffy' => 'tabby',
  'Midnight' => 'black',
  'Admiral Snuggles' => 'white'
);

// This adds a new element to the array with key 'Monster'
$kittenColors['Monster'] = 'gray';

// This removes the element with the key 'Midnight'
unset($kittenColors['Midnight']);

Arrays without keys

If you don't specify a key, PHP will just automatically assign integers as keys, starting with zero.

$fruits = array("apple", "orange", "banana", "kiwi");
var_dump($fruits); //shows whole array
echo $fruits[1]; //will print orange

//You can add with no key as well
$fruits[] = 'mango';
var_dump($fruits);

Let's Develop It

Create an array of your friends and their favorite foods. Echo a few values onto your screen.

Foreach

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Foreach loops

Foreach is a special type of loop that works with arrays.

$numberList = array(1, 2, 3, 4, 5);
foreach ($numberList as $value) {
  echo $value . ' times 2 equals ' . ($value*2) . '<br />';
}

Arrays with keys

You can also use the key values in your foreach loop.

$kittenColors = array(
  'Fluffy' => 'tabby',
  'Midnight' => 'black',
  'Admiral Snuggles' => 'white',
);

foreach ($kittenColors as $name => $color) {
  echo 'The kitten ' . $name . ' has ' . $color . ' fur.<br />';
}

Let's Develop It

Take your array of friends and write a foreach loop that echos "My friend NAME likes FOOD."

You did it!

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Resources

• PHP Manual, the official PHP documentation. Check the comments; they are useful.
• Code Academy, with interactive PHP lessons to help you review.